Aspergillosis

Aspergillosis is an infection, a growth or an allergic reaction caused by the Aspergillus mould (fungus). This commonly grows on rotting vegetation.

The tiny Aspergillosis spores can be inhaled resulting in illnesses that usually affect the respiratory system. Some people with asthma are allergic to Aspergillus and develop allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). 

Symptoms of ABPA are: 

• Wheezing
• Breathlessness
• Significant worsening of asthma symptoms
• Chest pain.

Ongoing irritation of the airways can cause complications including: 

• Blood-stained sputum
• Fever 
• Permanent damage to bronchiolar walls which affects your ability to breathe 
• Increased risk of lung infections.  

If the infection spreads it can affect eyes, sinuses and other organs. 

Hazards and risks of Aspergillosis in farmers occurs when working with composting or decaying vegetation such as silage, rain damaged hay or mouldy grain. 

Silage, mouldy hay and grain can contain the Aspergillus mould spores which are tiny at 2-3 microns and can go deep into your lungs when inhaled, causing respiratory illness.

Hay baled at high moisture content levels increases the likelihood of hay becoming mouldy. Hay which is darker in colour or has a musty smell is indicative of mould being present.

Horses, dogs, cows and birds are also susceptible to Aspergillosis if exposed to mould spores as a result of being fed mouldy hay or grain, especially in poorly ventilated, confined areas. Mouldy hay can contain toxins that are harmful to stock especially pregnant milking cows which can lead to abortion.

Recommendations for the prevention of Asperigillosis include wearing a mask that complies with Australian Standards when handling mouldy hay or composting vegetation. Fitting the mask correctly is essential, because the presence of facial hair such as beards or even being unshaven can reduce the effectiveness of the mask. Facial hair can be 15 microns and Aspergillus spores are only 2-3 micron, therefore having an effective fitting mask is vital.

Find out more on Better Health Channel.

Fast facts:

• Is an infection, growth or allergic reaction caused by the Aspergillus fungus that can cause respiratory illness
• Always wear a well fitted P2 dust mask to prevent spores from being inhaled when working with silage, mouldy hay or grain.
• Asperigillosis can also affect animals such as horses, cows, birds and dogs
• Avoid feeding animals mouldy hay or grain