So did I pass the assessment? Following farm safety checklists to understand pesticide risk reduction using an actor-network theory approach.

Abstract

Introduction: Farmers are responsible for workplace safety which includes family, employees, contactors, visitors and themselves. Tragically farming injuries, illness and fatalities continue to occur in Australia. Despite a plethora of accessible farm safety self-assessment checklists that are designed to support farmers to achieve a safe workplace the rate of on farm fatalities has remained consistently unchanged over the last decade. Little is known about how farm safety checklists are used by farmers and remains allusive to those who create and make them available.

Materials and Methods: Using an actor-network theory informed ethnography, a farm safety self-assessment checklist is traced to a cropping farm where a range of herbicides are used including diquat dibromide and paraquat, and insecticides including chlorpyrifos and fipronil. The purpose is to understand the checklists’ role in influencing farm safety culture, specifically around the use of these pesticides and pesticide application, storage and PPE.

Results: Considering the origin of the checklist and how it crosses a university, workplace regulators, farm machinery, and legislation, this method shows where power and authority is held amongst these unrelated groups. Checklists are designed as farm safety culture mediators but this depends on the farmer who holds power until a fatality or severe injury occurs shifting this power to law and legislation.

Conclusions: So did I pass? Maybe, but there’s no grade. The checklist mediates safer pesticide practices when it is used by farmers to exert control over the health and safety of every person on the farm.

Child safety on farms spotlighted in a new study

The National Centre for Farmer Health and Deakin University are conducting a study to investigate the way behaviours, attitudes and lifestyles on Victorian farms are contributing to farm-related injuries in children. 

For the past 20 years, the injury rate of Australian farming children has refused to come down, despite ongoing safety campaigns and horror stories of injuries and fatalities.  

The problem is now the target of a major research project – that is missing just one thing.

The voice of farm children. 

The National Centre for Farmer Health researcher and Deakin University Ph.D. candidate Jessie Adams needs rural Victorian children aged 5-14 years – and their parents.

“Everyone should be concerned about the injury rate not shifting after all this time – particularly as these injuries can be largely preventable,” Jessie said.

“There is a romantic view that farms are healthy, safe places for children to grow and develop,” she added.

“Which they can be, they should be, but they must also be seen as what they really are – work environments with hazards and dangers that are not seen in urban Australia”. 

“By investigating the common behaviours, attitudes and lifestyles on Victorian farms we will be able to come up with a tangible assessment of what might be causing these problems.”

Participation in the research closes on March 31st and the more children engaging in the study, the more relevant the findings and recommendations will be. 

Jessie said participation in this research can be done from the comfort of your own home/farm and does not require any travel or extensive time commitments. 

“We know being involved in the daily work schedule of the family farm is also an accepted part of life in rural Australia – and always has been,” Jessie explained.

“But Australian research is yet to understand children’s exposure to occupational hazards, their risk-taking behaviours or to what extent common safety measures are being used on farms,” she said.

“This study will give us important insights into the context of children’s experiences on Victorian farms and help develop targeted ways to prevent fatal and non-fatal child injuries.”

Jessie said the project needed children in that 5-14 age range, who live on a farm or have visited one at least twice in the past 12 months, as well as their parents.

Participating will involve the completion of an online survey, the first half for parents while children will fill in the second section.

“The contributions of parents and children will be essential – and invaluable – in assisting to reduce child farm-related injuries.”

To find out more information and access the survey please visit: https://farmerhealth.org.au/injury-risk-and-safety-behaviours-of-children-on-victorian-farms

Media Contact 
Annabelle Macgugan 
amacgugan@wdhs.net
0458517699 

Improving the choices we make, for a successful farming business

This topic will be discussed as part of our online Bonfire Q&A on March 23rd at 7:30pm, “Decision Making: Thinking About Your Thinking”

Steve thought he had things under control – but he had just lost his third staff member in less than 12 months.

And it couldn’t have come at a worse time. Shearing started in three weeks; and with his new share in a next-generation $50,000 bull; he wanted to start flushing his elite females next week.

Three staff members, three strikes. Steve was thinking it could be his fault, and starting to recognise that during this pretty challenging year he may have made some poor staffing decisions. Not only taking on inexperienced staff, but also setting some fairly unreasonable demands based on their skill levels. Maybe he needed to put some more planning and time into recruiting and training his staff before he got a reputation as a bad boss and lost the potential for getting help at all.

Right now, he could feel his stress levels rising—thinking about how he would get through the next month – and try to find a new worker at the same time.

The Grains Research Development Corporation has been thinking about the same problems, and its report shows staffing issues are a constraint for many in agriculture (https://grdc.com.au/news-and-media/news-and-media-releases/south/2020/september/paddock-practices-managing-and-retaining-staff).

GRDC says human resources management is an essential component of any business; but is often undervalued (and misunderstood) as employers have evolving responsibilities to staff and regulations to follow, especially as a result of COVID-19 control measures.

It says planning for labour hire and managing employees fairly and appropriately can set an employer up for success – or not.

And the hidden damage of Steve’s problems did not end with him overthinking all those things going wrong.

Three staff members lost in such quick succession also ate away at Steve’s sense of self-worth, and his confidence to tackle the next job.
In effect, it can start mental health challenges, or compound existing ones.

Making agricultural workplaces mentally healthy impacts so many – the farmer, his or her family, their staff (and their families) and the people with whom they interact in their various roles.

While that might leave you thinking it is a mental minefield, it starts with identifying the factors in the design and management of our work that can positively or negatively impact a farmer’s, or employee’s, mental health; such as:

• High work demands
• Low levels of control
• Poor workplace support
• Poor organisational change management
• Poor organisational justice
• Low role clarity
• Role conflict
• Poor workplace relationships

Good overall decision-making drives a healthy and resilient business, and requires the ability to think clearly.

When we talk about decision-making – it seems to be influenced by the head (logical, rational, calculation), the heart (emotional, values) and the gut (intuition).

Some farmers like to make all their operational and business decisions alone, others use their work team or family to make decisions. Some also bring in consultants to help.

Running a farm business can be a complex work environment; with a lot of different stressors … and often a lot of factors outside of our control, no matter what we think (https://www.lls.nsw.gov.au/regions/murray/articles,-plans-and-publications/production-advice-may-2020/how-can-i-make-better-farm-management-decisions).

Being proactive and making decisions early should be part of every farm business plan. Behavioural Scientist and Acting Director of the National Centre for Farmer Health Dr Alison Kennedy explains that there is plenty of evidence to show that making good decisions is very difficult during periods of high stress:

“People often make riskier choices and don’t think through the full consequences of decisions. There’s also evidence to show that high stress levels can encourage shift people’s decision making strategies from those that are goal-directed to those that are based on habit. From a farming context, we know that avoiding making any decisions can be just as damaging as making poor decisions. Many of us will know stories about farm succession decisions that have been put off for too long, resulting in family conflict and financial difficulty. Others will know of experiences where farmers have avoided making decisions like destocking in the face of impending drought, only to be forced to sell stock in poor condition when the market is already down.”

Adrian Smith, senior NSW land services officer, says the differences between the top 20% of profitable farmers and the rest is their ability to think clearly; make the right decision at the right time.

But don’t think that comes naturally, Smith says making good decisions is a skill that can be learnt even though making decisions is something we all do nearly every waking minute – often without thinking at all.

Making informed, rational and practical decisions is integral to a successful farm business.

Just because we make decisions all the time, it doesn’t necessarily follow that we are good at making them!

But if you stop and think about it, you realise there are ways we can improve the choices we make.

We can listen to the experiences of others, and think about how we can learn from their experiences (https://www.peopleinag.com.au/). Before you think too much on your problems, think about the options and support that is available – it’s more than worth thinking about

Injuries on the farm can lead to stress, long-term health concerns and loss of income or even fatalities, so preventing them from happening is the best way of protecting your mental health. When it comes to running the family farm, investing in mental health initiatives is not only good for your family and workers, but it’s good for business too. The NCFH is supporting farmers just like you to manage and respond to work-related risks that impact on workplace mental health – these are factors in your work that can affect an employee’s mental health and include high job demands, low job control, low role clarity and more. Managing these factors, means decreasing the risk of work-related stress, which can prevent physical injury, mental injury or even both at the same time.
Find out more about being mentally safe on farm at www.farmerhealth.org.au/campfire.

The health and wellbeing of rural women

Our guest blog writer for International Women’s Day is Di Dixon— a graduate of the NCFH Graduate Certificate in Agricultural Health and Medicine and founder of Panoramic Health and Fitness. In this blog, Di combines her expertise in farmer health and her passion for empowering people to overcome lifestyle obstacles with confidence, courage and ease.

When you think of a woman on a farm, what picture comes to mind?

Is it an image of them holding a baby on their hip waving their husband off for the day, then heading back in to tidy up the breakfast dishes?

Or do you imagine them in boots, jeans, old shirt and hat rushing around getting the kids to the school bus then heading out to work on the property for the day?

A day in the life of a woman in agriculture is now more often than not, the second one and with that comes a lot of mental load. This is what I’m going to discuss with you today.

Like many industries, the role of women in agriculture has evolved rapidly over the past 50 years. We’re no longer the main child rearer while our partner heads out to work for the day. We head out into the paddocks, dairies, shearing sheds and onto tractors and physically take on our share, while, in many cases, also contributing to the family finances through off-farm employment. This can also be the case with our male counterparts, yet, what we do know is that women take on a disproportionate amount of the mental load that comes along with the actions of running a family household, farm and outside employment.

What is mental load? Mental load is the often unseen actions performed and the decisions made on a daily basis that ensure our lives continue to run smoothly. Things like making sure budgets are on track, appointments are made on time, knowing when household chores need to be performed, being the first to drop everything to pick sick kids up from school, and knowing the safety protocols for farmworkers. In more recent times, it’s organising that there’s enough sheep drench ready and booking appointments for her partner’s vaccinations too.

So how does carrying this mental load affect our health?

According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, chronic stress, regardless of the cause — it’s all just stress to your body — can cause problems with your:

• immune and digestive systems
•  reproductive and cardiovascular systems,
• sleep, and
• Can cause serious chronic health issues like diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, depression, and anxiety.

To add to that, in July 2021 the National Rural Health Alliance reported that while rural men have consistently higher suicide rates, incidences of non-lethal self-harm are higher for rural women. It is suggested that these self-harm occurrences are often intended to alleviate negative emotions or for self-punishment. Can we concede from these rates that the stress and expectations rural women are putting themselves under from carrying this mental load is leading to an increase in poor mental health? While I may not be able to decrease your mental load, I’d like to chat about how to ensure you care for yourself while carrying it.

When coaching my clients through caring for themselves, I focus on the five pillars of healthy habits and pick simple strategies to surround them.

 𝑬𝒂𝒕 – eat slowly at mealtimes and stop when you feel 80% full.

 𝑴𝒐𝒗𝒆 – aim to move in some capacity 5 days per week. Somedays this might be a full workout, others it might be a 10min walk. It all counts.

 𝑻𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒌 – take time to enjoy and reflect on your day. Practice gratitude. You can keep a journal or not, but actively focusing on what you are grateful for can help to turn the tide of negative emotion. Did your kids do the dishes today without being asked? Did it rain? Is the harvest finished for another year? There are many things to be grateful for in our days, but sometimes they’re harder to see.

 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒕 – take time to stop and recover. Sleep for 7+ hours per night and try to enjoy at least one slow morning each week.

 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒕 – take time away from farm work and your outside employment to connect with those around you. Maybe this is heading out for a short walk by yourself and calling a friend along the way, maybe it’s catching up for a hot beverage. Whatever works for you, our social connection plays a large role in improving mental health outcomes.

If you’re reading this and thinking that’s way too much and only adding to the mental load. Pick one. Work on one strategy at a time and work to implement that in a way that works for you. Our health is not a race. Take as much time as needed to build these habits slowly to ensure they’re not just a flash in the pan. Consistency and doing something will always win over trying to do it all. 

References used in this blog

nrha-mental-health-factsheet-july2021.pdf (ruralhealth.org.au)

Stress and trauma – Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (aihw.gov.au)

Further information

NCFH Fact Sheets – Stress and farming – coping tips | National Centre for Farmer Health

NCFH Managing Stress on the Farm Managing-Stress-on-the-Farm Booklet

---

Preventing bullying on the farm: a workplace obligation

This topic will be discussed as part of our online Bonfire Q&A on March 9th at 7:30pm, “Preventing bullying in the farming workplace” with John Darcy (Victorian Farmer’s Federation).

My name is Sharon. Not Shazza, not Shaz and absolutely not Girlie or Dopey.

It doesn’t seem such a big deal; but very quickly after I landed my first ‘dream’ job it was sounding alarm bells in my head.

Growing up on a ‘hobby’ farm all I ever wanted to do was work on a real one, and I had not been able to resist those dreamy-faced Jerseys on a dairy down the road – so that became the dream.

I couldn’t believe how lucky I had been to find a job straight out of ag school; it all just seemed perfect.

Just as I still can’t believe how wrong it all went; or how long I put up with it.

I was employed after an interview with the farm owner and his wife; but their son-in-law Steve actually ran the business; the owners were stepping back and spending more time away from the farm.

And he started on me from day one; introducing me to the rest of the team as ‘Shazza’ and when I politely said I preferred Sharon he just laughed and said: “Hey, it’s just a nickname”.

But it wasn’t. Clearly, he didn’t like being corrected and when I look back my first day was the beginning of the end of my dream.

I got on well with everyone else; was a good worker who rarely needed to be told anything twice, but it was never good enough. Steve was always watching me, complaining I was too slow, wasn’t treating the animals properly, was cleaning up and Shazza soon became “bloody hell, girl, you are a useless lump”.

Yes, I know, I should have walked out then but for some unknown reason I thought it would make me a failure. And I wasn’t the only one suffering. Steve treated the two other women just the same – but was all buddy-buddy with the guys we worked alongside.

Even worse, his ‘mates’ knew what was happening, you could see it in their faces, but not one of them ever spoke up, or said anything to support us. It wasn’t until much later I realised they were probably intimidated by him too, and worried about their jobs.

Within 10 months I had had enough. The day Steve grabbed the cups I was reaching for, called me “useless bitch” and shouldered me aside I simply kept going in the direction he had pushed me, walked out of the dairy and out of the job.

I tried to explain it to the owners, but they simply said Steve “didn’t mean anything by it, he was just getting used to managing people”. If I hadn’t been taught respect by my parents; I would have laughed at them; I certainly felt like it.

But in the end, the worst thing about it all was not the job lost, it was my loss of self-confidence; and it would take me a couple of years and a bit of therapy before I realised none of this was my fault, that dairy had been simply set up for disaster.

I learnt, through time and talking about my experience, that the workplace had an obligation to me to set a culture and standard that does not tolerate bullying. That obligation wasn’t met.
It should never have been my responsibility to walk away from the job, to solve the problem – there should have been systems in place to prevent it ever happening.

Sadly, Sharon’s story is much more common than most of us would know – or like to admit. Perhaps the one upside of the pandemic is the focus it has put on mental health; especially in the workplace. Because if it isn’t positive and fair, somewhere, someone, is going to pay the price.

Injuries on the farm can lead to stress, long-term health concerns and loss of income or even fatalities, so preventing them from happening is the best way of protecting your mental health. When it comes to running the family farm, investing in mental health initiatives is not only good for your family and workers, but it’s good for business too. The NCFH is supporting farmers just like you to manage and respond to work-related risks that impact on workplace mental health – these are factors in your work that can affect an employee’s mental health and include high job demands, low job control, low role clarity and more. Managing these factors, means decreasing the risk of work-related stress, which can prevent physical injury, mental injury or even both at the same time.
Find out more about being mentally safe on farm at www.farmerhealth.org.au/campfire.

Reflecting on our role in the COVID-19 response

By Susan Brumby.

Recently a family member and friends arrived home to play a weekend game of cricket. It was an exciting time as, due to COVID, it was the first opportunity for activities like this to go ahead. We followed the rules and everyone did RAT tests before coming into the house.  A couple of them had young families and were looking forward to school going back.  One of them mentioned that they had a nice break over Christmas and January and felt rested and grateful for the holiday. I reflected on the break – or short break – that many of us had recently had in health care.

For many of us working in healthcare we had been called back from our week of leave to assist with an outbreak of COVID – 19 (Omicron variety).   

The Western District experienced a large outbreak following the Christmas and New Year period where families and lots of young people had come together at the traditional district beach spots (Port Fairy, and Robe in SA) to celebrate the conclusion of 2021 and welcome with hope 2022.  As cars of young people appeared at our drive-thru testing clinic on the week of January 3, 2022, many were showing signs of COVID. They were unsure if it was a hangover or really something to be worried about and wanted to be tested and do the right thing.  Some lived on farms and were worried about taking COVID back home with them. Later in the week the demographics started to shift, with older people and parents bringing family members in. 

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the outbreak in Southern Grampians, a huge number of individuals, groups, and businesses all stepped up to help in their local communities. Extra volunteers were called in and staff were recalled from leave.  Our NCFH team was among them, and I wanted to share some insight into the small parts we played in the COVID-19 response, and thank the many people who assisted and volunteered to help our community.

Across the pandemic, our team have helped in the delivery of contact tracing efforts to slow the spread of infection in our local community of the Southern Grampians. We have also taken on responsibility for managing our local COVID-19 hotline, providing information, vaccination bookings and referrals to local COVID-19 support services to help with meals, food delivery, and hospital in the home to our community members–fielding over 640 calls since January 2022. In addition, various team members have taken on responsibilities assisting with the mass testing screening clinics which involved working at the showgrounds, swabbing and triaging and generally helping where we could along with the coordination of the COVID-19 respiratory clinic. It’s been a very busy start to the year!

What was also amazing was the huge work of volunteers who were there directing cars for testing, helping with vaccinations, delivering meals, and completing numerous other tasks behind the scenes – selflessly assisting to keep our community safe. There is no doubt that together we are stronger.

As for the cricket – it was a great weekend and wonderful for the community to get together and enjoy everything our district has to offer. Let’s hope we see more of this in 2022.

---

Farmer Health eNews March 2022

Find out the latest from the National Centre for Farmer Health

• Empowering farmers to thrive
• We want to learn from your experiences
• Our role in the COVID-19 response
• Wellness Wednesday

View the March 2022 eNews

Read past issues of eNews

Do you want to receive our eNews?

Ageing on the farm: Making a safe transition

This topic will be discussed as part of our online Bonfire Q&A on February 23rd at 7:30pm, “Healthy ageing on the farm”.

Bill always wanted his son to take over his farming business at Lockhart in NSW, it’s just now he doesn’t know what he should do with himself.

He doesn’t regret his decision. Bill has seen what can happen when parents hold on for too long, and not hand over the farm responsibility to the next generation. So when his son, Richard came back to their sheep and wheat farm at the age of 30, they drew up a plan to share ownership and hand over the management to Richard and his wife Isabelle.

“The transition happened over a few years and was pretty smooth”, Bill said. “We got some help from a professional to get some ideas and work through some of the trickier bits.”

“However, what I now realise is, that I basically forgot about myself – and never really discussed my ongoing role on the farm, once the transition was over.”

Bill’s experience is an example of the mental health problems caused by low role clarity, as detailed in Worksafe’s guide on managing work related stress.

 At 66, Bill felt far from old. His back wasn’t up to a full day of crutching sheep anymore, but he also wasn’t ready to retire completely.

“I guess, I also didn’t realise how much farming was a part of me, until I stepped back,” Bill said.

 Bill was doing some odd jobs around the farm, but he wasn’t finding it very fulfilling.

Then, he had an accident.

He was on a new tractor, cleaning up the farm, when a stick flicked up underneath, puncturing the radiator hose. His hearing has been affected by decades of working with farm machinery … and he didn’t hear that something was wrong.

 Ultimately, the engine overheated and was completely destroyed. It wasn’t an easy conversation to have with his son.

.“I didn’t want to be seen as too old or a safety risk,” Bill said.

Ageing on farm is of course a natural process, but a new concept, which Cultivate Farms is investigating. It’s developing a project to help farmers identify pathways to stay on farm as long as they want, even if they don’t have a family successor.  The median age of farmers and farm managers in Australia is 56, making it an especially important topic for the industry.

Physically ageing farmers can often experience hearing loss. This not only poses a risk for accidents and injury, but can also affect farmers’ social connection and mental health. Ageing can also exacerbate arthritis and muscular pain, often caused by the physical tasks of farming over a long period.

The Managing Director of Cultivate Farms, Sam Marwood says there’s little research available on how to best age on farm, so he’s developing case studies and research.

Ageing on farm does not need to be a negative process, but it does require farmers to consider, and make changes to support their physical, social and mental wellbeing on their farm.

“Our message to retiring farmers is you don’t have to sell or walk away from your farm.”

The first step for Bill was to set up a family meeting. Which he did, after his tractor incident.

“I had to be open and say I was struggling in not having a leadership role on the farm.”

Bill says he realises he needs to be more mindful of his hearing loss, but another factor in the tractor incident, was that because he’d been working less on farm, he was out of practice.

“It’s not because I’m too old,” he said.

“You know, as soon as I spoke to my son and daughter-in-law about it, they understood. And they were actually relieved for me to help them more in the farm business sense.”

Richard didn’t realise his Dad wanted more involvement.

Now Bill’s role is set out, he’s involved in business management decisions and is consulted about what physical work he’d like to do. Feeling that he doesn’t constantly have to prove himself has also made Bill feel more comfortable in stepping back at times as well. He’s finding a better balance between work on the farm and life off-farm—even spending a day a week at the Men’s Shed in town.

“I feel like I still have that flexibility I wanted when I decided to step back, but now I have my identity and purpose again too,” Bill said.

Injuries on the farm can lead to stress, long-term health concerns and loss of income or even fatalities, so preventing them from happening is the best way of protecting your mental health. When it comes to running the family farm, investing in mental health initiatives is not only good for your family and workers, but it’s good for business too. The NCFH is supporting farmers just like you to manage and respond to work-related risks that impact on workplace mental health – these are factors in your work that can affect an employee’s mental health and include high job demands, low job control, low role clarity and more. Managing these factors, means decreasing the risk of work-related stress, which can prevent physical injury, mental injury or even both at the same time.
Find out more about being mentally safe on farm at www.farmerhealth.org.au/campfire.

High-Heat Days and Presentations to Emergency Departments in Regional Victoria, Australia

Abstract

Heat kills more Australians than any other natural disaster. Previous Australian research has identified increases in Emergency Department presentations in capital cities; however, little research has examined the effects of heat in rural/regional locations. This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine if Emergency Department (ED) presentations across the south-west region of Victoria, Australia, increased on high-heat days (1 February 2017 to 31 January 2020) using the Rural Acute Hospital Data Register (RAHDaR). The study also explored differences in presentations between farming towns and non-farming towns. High-heat days were defined as days over the 95th temperature percentile. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM) codes associated with heat-related illness were identified from previous studies. As the region has a large agricultural sector, a framework was developed to identify towns estimated to have 70% or more of the population involved in farming. Overall, there were 61,631 presentations from individuals residing in the nine Local Government Areas. Of these presentations, 3064 (5.0%) were on days of high-heat, and 58,567 (95.0%) were of days of non-high-heat. Unlike previous metropolitan studies, ED presentations in rural south-west Victoria decrease on high-heat days. This decrease was more prominent in the farming cohort; a potential explanation for this may be behavioural adaption.

Keywords: occupational health; farmers; extreme heat; heat-related illness; high-heat climate change; injury; heat exposure

Farmer Health eNews February 2022

Find out the latest from the National Centre for Farmer Health

• Agricultural Health and Medicine is moving ONLINE
• Injury risk and safety behaviours of children on Victorian farms survey
• The Campfire has been lit for 2022!
• Wellness Wednesday

View the February 2022 eNews

Read past issues of eNews

Do you want to receive our eNews?

Child Safety on Farms: help us make a difference

Are children on farms at increased risk of injury?

Farms are very unique environments, as they are both a workplace and home to many Australian families. Growing up on a farm is unlike most other childhoods, largely due to parents involving, and often depending on, their children to be farm helpers. Child farm safety is important as we want children to grow up learning and engaging in farming. However, we do not want to see any child get hurt.

There are many factors that may contribute to children’s increased risk of experiencing farm-related injury. Some of these include; children’s development level and exposure to dangerous environments, multi-generational farming families and the dependence on children’s assistance with tasks on the farm, the lack of workplace regulations, the risk-taking culture within farming communities, competing financial priorities, lack of supervision and use of safe play areas, poor understanding and use of the hierarchy of control (1).

How common are child farm-related injuries?

To set the scene, the agriculture industry in Australia experiences the highest rate of workplace fatalities per number of workers (2). Adding children to this already hazardous environment further increases the chances of injury.

Children under the age of 15 years represent 15% of all farm-related deaths in Australia. Unfortunately, this rate has remained consistent over a long period of time (at least 20 years), despite efforts to reduce them.

Our knowledge on the number of children injured on farms (non-fatal), is not as well understood, however, a report by the Australian Institute of Health (3) identified over 2,000 children under 15 were hospitalised due to farm-related injuries between 2010/11 to 2014/15. This is 9% of all farm-related injury hospitalisations.

What are the common hazards causing these injuries?

The main hazards responsible for child farm-related deaths are water bodies (eg. dams, troughs, tanks, and creeks), quad bikes and motorbikes, utes/cars, tractors and horses. There are obviously many other things present on farms that can cause injury to children, such as; animals, chemicals, machinery, firearms, noise, electricity, heights, mowers, chainsaws.

What can you do to keep your children safe on the farm?

Now that children are transitioning back to school, and parents and guardians hopefully have some more time on there hands, it might be a great opportunity to get the family together and do a safety audit or walk around and discuss the hazards and what can be done to reduce the risks. This is also important to do if you are expecting child visitors.

Farming hazards are different from farm to farm, as well as differing between children (eg. age, developmental stage). Some key considerations to keep children safe on farms:

1. Toddlers and small children (typically under 5 years):
   • Constant active supervision – it is important that an adult should be within sight, sound and reach of the child.
   • Safe play areas – create a physical barrier (at least 1.2m meters high) that prevents your child from entering dangerous environments. Adding interesting things like a sandpit or toys can assist in entertaining your child.
   • Young children are curious and have no understanding of the dangers around them. Therefore, a combination of constant active supervision and safe play areas are recommended as great strategies to keep your young child safe.
2. Young children (5 to 9 years):
   • Young children are starting to be able to understand basic rules and wanting to become more independent.
   • Constant active supervision is still required.
   • As children start to engage with tasks on the farm, it is important they are developmentally appropriate, both physically and mentally(e.g. feeding baby animals)
   • When children are on the farm, appropriate safety measures should be in place (e.g. wearing high Vis vests, helmets, rules).
   • Potentially can still use safe play areas.
3. Older children and young teenagers (10 to 14 years):
   • Typically older children want to prove themselves as being capable.
   • Supervision is still required.
   • Ensuring children are still only completing developmentally appropriate tasks. Additionally, ensuring appropriate training/explanation of tasks and potential hazards present is important.
   • Use of appropriate safety measures and ensure Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is correctly fitting

Throughout all these ages, constant open communication about farm safety is vital.

Using the hierarchy of control could be a way to reduce the risks for everyone on your farm – https://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/hierarchy-control

How can I help the NCFH make a difference to child safety on farms?

We are conducting a study to investigate children’s exposure to occupational risk on farms to ultimately reduce injury rates.

We are asking farming parents and children (aged 5 to 14 years) to assist by completing our study. Parents will be asked to first complete the survey, then a link will be sent asking for your child to assist by completing the survey.

Please find the link to the survey here: Injury risk and safety behaviours of children on Victorian farms | National Centre for Farmer Health

This article was written by Jessie Adams, who is conducting this survey. Jessie’s contact details are:

References

1.             Adams J, Kennedy A, Cotton J, Brumby S. Child Farm-Related Injury in Australia: A Review of the Literature International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(11):1-16.

2.             Safe Work Australia. Work-related Traumatic Injury Fatalities, Australia Canberra: Safe Work Australia; 2019.

3.             Henley G, Harrison J. Hospitalised farm injury, Australia, 2010-11 to 2014-15 Canberra: AIHW Australian Institute of Health and Welfare & Flinders University 2018.

Farmer Health eNews January 2022

Find out the latest from the National Centre for Farmer Health

• Returning to work after stroke in rural communities
• Agricultural Health and Medicine unit (HMF701) returns to Hamilton!
• What HAT will you wear in 2022?
• Wellness Wednesday

View the January 2022 eNews

Read past issues of eNews

Do you want to receive our eNews?